{"id":1438,"date":"2024-12-23T12:31:59","date_gmt":"2024-12-23T11:31:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.naturisme.com\/?page_id=1438"},"modified":"2025-01-08T16:47:05","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T15:47:05","slug":"naturisme-histoire-html","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.naturisme.com\/fr\/naturisme-definition\/naturisme-histoire.html","title":{"rendered":"Les pionniers"},"content":{"rendered":"
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<\/span>Le naturisme, anciennement gymnosophie, est n\u00e9 en France, sous la plume et dans l\u2019entourage du g\u00e9ographe \u00c9lis\u00e9e Reclus, (deuxi\u00e8me moiti\u00e9 du XIXe si\u00e8cle).<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n

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D\u00e9buts du naturisme<\/h2>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
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Pour \u00c9lis\u00e9e Reclus c\u2019\u00e9tait \u00e0 la fois un moyen de revitalisation physique, un rapport au corps totalement diff\u00e9rent de l\u2019hypocrisie et des tabous qui s\u00e9vissaient \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque, une fa\u00e7on plus conviviale de voir la vie en soci\u00e9t\u00e9, et une\n incitation au respect de la plan\u00e8te. Ainsi le naturisme se d\u00e9veloppe en France, notamment sous l’influence d’\u00c9lis\u00e9e Reclus, fin XIXe si\u00e8cle et d\u00e9but XXe si\u00e8cle parmi des communaut\u00e9s anarchistes issues du socialisme utopique.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n

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Par <\/span>\n Ralf Roletschek<\/a> \u2014 Travail personnel, <\/span>\n GFDL 1.2<\/a>\n <\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n

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Dans l’Allemagne, \u00e0 la fin du XIXe si\u00e8cle, un courant d\u2019id\u00e9es tr\u00e8s proche du naturisme appara\u00eet de l\u2019empereur Guillaume II. \u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, sexe et nudit\u00e9 sont des sujets tabous, m\u00eame si dans le nord de l\u2019Allemagne, la nudit\u00e9 existait dans des saunas comme en Scandinavie. L\u2019apparition du mouvement naturiste est une forte r\u00e9action \u00e0 l\u2019industrialisation grandissante de l\u2019\u00e9poque. Dans ces conditions de travail et de vie difficiles, une r\u00e9flexion sur d\u2019autre fa\u00e7on de vivre commence. Le sociologue hygi\u00e9niste Heinrich Pudor \u00e9crit en 1893 un livre intitul\u00e9 Nacktkultur (Culture du nu), l\u2019une des premi\u00e8res publications \u00e0 pr\u00f4ner les bienfaits de la nudit\u00e9 sociale. Dans son livre il explique que l\u2019homme a perdu le corps de vue et s\u2019en trouve affaibli. Il effectue parall\u00e8lement un combat contre la mode des corsets, d\u00e9montrant les dangers qu\u2019ils repr\u00e9sentent sur le corps f\u00e9minin. S\u2019en suit alors la cr\u00e9ation de nouveaux types de v\u00eatements f\u00e9minins, dits r\u00e9formistes, bien lus amples que les femmes confectionnaient souvent elles-m\u00eames.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n

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Les concepts pr\u00f4n\u00e9s par Pudor ne mirent pas longtemps avant d’\u00eatre mis en pratique. Ce sont les Wandervogel oiseaux migrateurs (mouvement de jeunesse allemand) qui r\u00e9pandent en premier ce concept de retour \u00e0 la nature par la nudit\u00e9\n au d\u00e9but du XXe si\u00e8cle. Lors de leurs excursions en plein nature ils prirent l\u2019habitude de se d\u00e9v\u00eatir enti\u00e8rement pour profiter d’un bain rafra\u00eechissant au bord d’une rivi\u00e8re ou d’un lac. Rapidement ils prirent l\u2019habitude de pratiquer\n d\u2019autres activit\u00e9s nus, telles que la gymnastique en tenue gymnique par exemple. Il s’agissait l\u00e0 bien plus que d\u2019une simple nudit\u00e9 : ces jeunes hommes et femmes cherchaient \u00e0 fuir l\u2019enfer des villes en plein industrialisation, sa\n pollution et ses exc\u00e8s, souhaitant avoir une vie plus saine et adopt\u00e8rent le sport et la danse en libert\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 partir de 1902, des magazines sur l\u2019\u00e9mergence de la culture naturiste paraissent r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement. La photographie conna\u00eet \u00e9galement un renouveau dans le domaine du nu o\u00f9 les corps sont photographi\u00e9s en pleine nature, d\u00e9nu\u00e9s de tout\n \u00e9rotisme. En 1903 \u00e0 Lubeck, le premier centre gymnique, le Freilichtpark (parc de la lumi\u00e8re libre) voit le jour, cr\u00e9\u00e9 par Paul Zimmerman (il fonctionnera jusqu\u2019en 1981). Ces espaces d\u00e9di\u00e9s \u00e0 la pratique du naturisme se d\u00e9veloppent\n beaucoup, la plupart du temps de mani\u00e8re associative.<\/p>\n

En 1918 le nom de Frei-K\u00f6rper-Kultur (culture du corps libre) est adopt\u00e9. Ce mouvement se d\u00e9veloppe dans les pays germaniques (Autriche, Suisse, pays scandinaves, Pays-Bas) avant de d\u2019arriver dans la France de l\u2019entre-deux-guerres,\n puis l\u2019Am\u00e9rique du Nord \u00e0 partir des ann\u00e9es 50.<\/p>\n

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Tout savoir sur le naturisme<\/strong><\/h2>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
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D\u00e9buts du naturisme<\/span><\/a>\n <\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
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Le naturisme pendant la guerre<\/span><\/a>\n <\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
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Le naturisme en France<\/span><\/a>\n <\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
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Naturisme en famille<\/span><\/a>\n <\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
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D\u00e9finition du naturisme<\/span><\/a>\n <\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
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Naturisme \u00e0 la mer<\/span><\/a>\n <\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
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Naturisme \u00e0 la campagne<\/span><\/a>\n <\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
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Randonn\u00e9es naturistes<\/span><\/a>\n <\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
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